PPS--->>> N�METORSZ�G - GARMISCH

Garmisch-Partenkirchen

Ez a k�zz�tett v�ltozat, ellen�rizve: 2011. m�jus 20.

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[bevezet� szerkeszt�se] Koordin�t�k: �. sz. 47� 30′ k. h. 11� 5′47.5, 11.0833333333

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Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen c�mere
K�zigazgat�s
Orsz�g	N�metorsz�g
Tartom�ny	Bajororsz�g
Korm�nyzati ker�let	Fels�-Bajororsz�g
Ir�ny�t�sz�m	82467–08821
N�pess�g
	N�pess�g	25 953 f�
	N�ps�r�s�g	126 f�/km²
F�ldrajzi adatok
Tengerszint feletti magass�g	700–710 m
	Ter�let	205,66 km²
	Id�z�na	CET,	UTC+1
Elhelyezked�se
Garmisch-Partenkirchen Poz�ci� N�metorsz�g t�rk�p�n
�. sz. 47� 30′ k. h. 11� 5′47.5, 11.0833333333
Garmisch-Partenkirchen weboldala

Garmisch-Partenkirchen bajororsz�gi t�lisport k�zpont �s �d�l�hely, Garmisch-Partenkirchen k�rzet k�zigazgat�si k�zpontja.

Tartalomjegyz�k [elrejt�s] 1 Fekv�se 2 T�rt�nete 3 K�zleked�s 4 Sport 5 H�res emberek 6 Forr�sok 7 Ford�t�s 8 K�ls� hivatkoz�sok

Fekv�se []

A v�ros Fels�-Bajororsz�g r�gi�ban, Ausztria hat�r�n fekszik, 700–710 m tengerszint feletti magass�gban. A Bajor-Alpok hegyei veszik k�r�l: Wank (1870 m), Eckbauer (1239 m), Kreuczeh (1652 m), Alpspitze (2626 m). A k�zel�ben van N�metorsz�g legmagasabb hegycs�csa, a Zugspitze (2962 m�ter). A v�ros k�t kor�bbi v�ros egyes�t�s�vel j�tt l�tre. A nyugati Garmischon folyik �t a Loisach foly�, a keleti Partenkirchenen a Partnach patak, amely a Loisachba �mlik bele.

T�rt�nete []

Garmisch �s Partenkirchen sok�ig k�l�n�ll� telep�l�sek voltak. Partenkirchent el�sz�r az i. sz. 15-ben eml�tik, mint a r�mai kori Partanum v�ros�t, amely a Velence–Augsburg kereskedelmi �t ment�n fek�dt. A v�ros mai f�utc�ja, a Ludwigstrasse az eredeti r�mai utat k�veti. Garmischt a 9. sz�zadban eml�tik el�sz�r Germaneskau n�ven, ami a teutonok telep�l�s�re utal a v�lgy nyugati v�g�n.

A vid�k Freisink p�sp�k befoly�sa al� ker�lt, �s Werdenfels v�r�b�l igazgatta a pfleger, azaz a p�sp�k megb�zottja. A 16. sz�zadban a ter�let a kereskedelem visszaes�se, a nehezen megmunk�lhat� ingov�nyos f�ld, az �llatteny�szt�st nehez�t� vad�llatok nagy sz�ma miatt �vsz�zados gazdas�gi v�ls�gba ker�lt, amit m�g fokoztak a gyakori j�rv�nyok. Ugyanakkor boszork�nyhiszt�ria is terhelte a helyzetet, 1589 �s 1596 k�z�tt 63 „boszork�nyt” – a lakoss�g t�bb mint t�z sz�zal�k�t – v�geztek ki. A kiv�gz�sek miatt kialakult ellenszenv, s�t retteg�s miatt a Werdenfels v�rat az 1750-es �vekben lebontott�k, k�veib�l �p�lt a barokk Neue Kirche (�j templom) a Marienplatzon, mely 1752-re k�sz�lt el. A k�zelben m�r �llt az eredetileg pog�ny templom alapjain �p�lt Alte Kirche (R�gi templom), amit ezut�n rakt�rk�nt �s fegyvert�rk�nt haszn�ltak, de az�ta �jb�l felszentelt�k.

Garmischt �s Partenkirchent 1935-ben egyes�tett�k Hitler parancs�ra, az 1936. �vi t�li olimpiai j�t�kok miatt. A k�t v�ros lak�i m�g ma is szeretik megk�l�nb�ztetni egym�st�l magukat, a partenkircheniek egyenesen s�relmezik, amikor – f�leg a k�lf�ldiek – csak Garmischk�nt emlegetik a telep�l�st. A k�ls� szeml�l� sz�m�ra felt�nhet, hogy Partenkirchen r�giesebb, m�g Garmisch modernebb hangulat� �s kin�zet�.

K�zleked�s []

A v�ros a 2-es gyorsforgalmi �ton k�zel�thet� meg, amely a 95-�s aut�p�lya folytat�sa. Vas�ton a M�nchen–Garmisch-Partenkirchen vonalon vagy t�vols�gi aut�buszj�ratokon is el�rhet�, ut�bbiakat szezon�lis j�ratokkal s�r�teni szokt�k.

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Garmisch-Partenkirchen is a mountain resort town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in the Oberbayern region, and the district is on the border with Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2961 m (9714 ft.).

[edit] History

Garmisch (in the west) and Partenkirchen (in the east) were separate towns for many centuries, and still maintain quite separate identities.

Partenkirchen originated as the Roman town of Partanum on the trade route from Venice to Augsburg and is first mentioned in the year A.D. 15. Its main street, Ludwigsstrasse, follows the original Roman road.

Garmisch is first mentioned some 800 years later as Germaneskau ("German District"), suggesting that at some point a Teutonic tribe took up settlement in the western end of the valley.

The valley came under the rule of the Bishop of Freising and was governed by a bishop's representative known as a Pfleger (caretaker or warden) from Werdenfels Castle on a cliff north of Garmisch.

The discovery of America at the turn of the 16th century led to a boom in shipping and a sharp decline in overland trade, which plunged the region into a centuries-long economic depression. The valley floor was swampy and difficult to farm. Bears, wolves and lynxes were a constant threat to livestock. The population suffered from periodic epidemics, including several serious outbreaks of bubonic plague. Adverse fortunes from disease and crop failure occasionally led to witch hysteria. Most notable of these were the notorious trials and executions of 1589-1596, in which 63 victims — more than 10 percent of the population at the time — were burned at the stake or garroted.

Werdenfels Castle, where the accused were held, tried and executed, became an object of superstitious horror and was abandoned in the 17th century. It was largely torn down in the 1750s and its stones used to build the baroque Neue Kirche (New Church) on Marienplatz, which was completed in 1752. It replaced the nearby Gothic Alte Kirche (Old Church), parts of which predated Christianity and may originally have been a pagan temple. Used as a storehouse, armory and haybarn for many years, it has since been re-consecrated. Some of its medieval frescoes are still visible.

Garmisch and Partenkirchen remained separate until their respective mayors were forced by Adolf Hitler to combine the two market towns in 1935 in anticipation of the 1936 Winter Olympic games. Today, the united town is casually (but incorrectly) referred to as Garmisch, much to the dismay of Partenkirchen's residents. Most visitors will notice the slightly more modern feel of Garmisch while the fresco-filled, cobblestoned streets of Partenkirchen offer a glimpse into times past. Early mornings and late afternoons in pleasant weather often find local traffic stopped while the dairy cows are herded to and from the nearby mountain meadows.