Az ország legnagyobb részén a Kelet-európai-síkság terül el, ezt délről a Kárpátok vonulatai övezi az Alföld peremvidékeivel. A Dnyeszter völgyétől északra továbbá hátsági területek (Podóliai-, Volhíniai- és Dnyeper-hátság) vannak. Donecktől délre emelkedik az Azovi-hátság, amelytől délre egészen az Azovi-tengerig a Donec-medence terül el. A Fekete-tenger nagy félszigete a Krím-félsziget déli részén a Krím-hegységgel. Az Ukrajna nyugati részén húzódó Kárpátokban található az ország legmagasabb pontja, a Hoverla (2061 m).

Ukrajna éghajlata mérsékelt-szárazföldi, de a Krím déli részén szubtrópusi hatás érvényesül.

Legjelentősebb folyók: Duna, Dnyeper, Dnyeszter, Donec.

Legnagyobb tavak: Kahivkai-víztározó, Kremencsuki-víztározó, Kijevi-víztározó, Dnyiprodzerzsinszki-víztározó, Jalpuh tó.

Ukraine (ⁱ /juːˈkreɪn/ ew-krayn; Ukrainian: Україна, transliterated: Ukrayina, [ukrɑˈjinɑ]; Russian: Украи́на; Crimean Tatar: Ukraina) is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the largest contiguous country on the European continent.^[7] Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It was formerly known as The Ukraine.^[8]

Established by the Varangians in the 9th century, the medieval state of Kievan Rus', the first East Slavic state, emerged as a powerful nation in the middle ages until it disintegrated in the 12th century. By the middle of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were under the rule of three external powers—the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland.^[9] After the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Ukraine was divided between a number of regional powers and, by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. After a chaotic period of incessant warfare and several attempts at independence (1917–21) following World War I and the Russian Civil War, it emerged on December 30, 1922 as one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic's territory was enlarged westward shortly before and after World War II, and southwards in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations.^[10]

Ukraine became independent again after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Herewith began a period of transition to a market economy, in which Ukraine was stricken with an eight-year recession.^[11] Since then though, the economy experienced a high increase in GDP growth. Ukraine was caught up in the worldwide economic crisis in 2008 and the economy plunged. GDP fell 20% from spring 2008 to spring 2009, then leveled off as analysts compared the magnitude of the downturn to the worst years of economic depression during the early 1990s.^[12]

Ukraine is a unitary state composed of 24 oblasts (provinces), one autonomous republic (Crimea), and two cities with special status: Kiev, its capital and largest city, and Sevastopol, which houses the Russian Black Sea Fleet under a leasing agreement. Ukraine is a republic under a semi-presidential system with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ukraine continues to maintain the second largest military in Europe, after that of Russia. The country is home to 46 million people, 77.8 percent of whom are ethnic Ukrainians, with sizable minorities of Russians (17%), Belarusians and Romanians. The Ukrainian language is the official language in Ukraine. Russian is also widely spoken. The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodox Christianity, which has heavily influenced Ukrainian architecture, literature and music.